start from，proceed from，stem from，out of ；

[例句] 他似乎只是出于职业缘故而喜欢她。 He seemed fond of her in a strictly professional way.

[例句] 总统坚持说他如此做是出于同情而不是为了投机。 The president insisted that he was acting out of compassion, not opportunism.

contribute to，be conducive to，conduce to，administer to，help to ；

[例句] 我想语音拼写可能有助于发音。 I thought a phonetic spelling might aid in pronunciation.

[例句] 彻底刷牙有助于口气清新。 A thorough brushing helps to freshen up your mouth.

（指明文字出处或可以参看的地方） see，refer to ；

[例句] 法国的4,200种开花植物中有2,000种可见于这个公园。 Two thousand of France's 4,200 species of flowering plants are found in the park.

[例句] 右心房缘变平亦见于缩窄性心包炎. Flattening of the right atrial border is also seen in constrictive pericarditis.

be busy at [about，over，with]，busy oneself with [at，about ；

[例句] 该国正忙于大选。 The country is in the throes of a general election.

[例句] 她整日忙于议会的工作。 Her parliamentary career has occupied all of her time.

true to，loyal to，faithful to，devoted to，cleave ；

[例句] 忠于职守的队员 a committed member of the team

[例句] 他忠于人民, 把毕生精力用于挽救患者的生命. Utterly devoted to the people, he gave his life in saving his patients.

be rich in，be full of，abound，abound in，teem ；

[例句] 这张专辑真棒，新颖、有趣且富于变化。 This is a fabulous album. It's fresh, varied, fun.

[例句] 他的手势富于表现力。 He moved his hands expressively.

appeal to for，fall back on，have recourse to，appeal，recourse ；

[例句] 他们求助于该市最具创新风格的一家博物馆。 For assistance, they turned to one of the city's most innovative museums.

[例句] 他有困难时从不求助于我们. He never refers himself to us when he has difficulties.

betake，devote oneself to，apply oneself to，turn to，bend oneself to ；

[例句] 他一直致力于在教育系统内为美籍拉美人和黑人争取权益。 He was a champion for Latinos and blacks within the educational system.

[例句] 他一心一意致力于早日让被压迫者获得自由。 He was single-mindedly devoted to the hastening of freedom for the oppressed.

give the credit to，attribute the success to，owe to，owe ；

[例句] 荒诞派戏剧的风靡要归功于勒德拉姆。 Ludlam was responsible for making Ridiculous Theatre something of a cult.

[例句] 她会如此放松，一部分应该归功于安迪。 Some of the credit for her relaxed manner must go to Andy.

differ in，deffer from，be different from，differentiate from，be differ from ；

[例句] 这趟行程不同于他1990年的首次衣锦还乡。 This trip was not like his first triumphant return home in 1990.

[例句] 法语不同于英语,所有的名词都有性. French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.

place in，put in，park ；

[例句] 同时，把碗置于微沸的水上，将白巧克力放入碗中使其熔化。 Meanwhile, melt the white chocolate in a bowl suspended over simmering water.

[例句] 他说：“我从未故意将任何病人置于不必要的风险境地。” "I have never knowingly exposed any patient to needless risks," he said.

affect，be apt to，squint towards，be inclined to，make for ；

[例句] 我往往不相信自己的情感，倾向于把一切事物都理智化。 I tended to mistrust my emotions and intellectualize everything.

[例句] 我们倾向于把维多利亚时代的人想象得非常古板、中规中矩。 We tend to imagine that the Victorians were very prim and proper.

by means of，with the help of，by the aid of，draw support from，recur to ；

[例句] 借助于自己发现的一种全新的方法，他获得了成功。 He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.

[例句] 观测工作借助于各种望远镜。 The observational work is carried out on a range of telescopes.

count agaist，go ill with，make against，to the disadvantage of，go against ；

[例句] 有些土壤其实碱性过强，不利于某些植物生长。 Some soils are actually too alkaline for certain plant life.

[例句] 当时的经济状况不利于实行集权统治。 The economy of the times made it difficult to support centralized rule.

fit，suit，be suitable for ；

[例句] 这些酒中大部分都不适于人类饮用。 Most of the wine was unfit for human consumption.

[例句] 更安全和更适于居住的住宅区 safer and more liveable residential areas

[数] greater than ；

[例句] 在英国，传统上有形产品的进口一直大于出口。 In the UK visible imports have traditionally been greater than visible exports.

[例句] 配偶之间政治观点上的相似度要大于他们身高的相似程度。 The political opinions of spouses correlate more closely than their heights.

can't go so far as to，not so ... as to ...，not to such an extent as to，（未必） be unlikely to ；

[例句] 幸亏一位主持人提示，她才不至于尴尬脸红。 Her blushes were saved by a prompt from one of her hosts.

[例句] 这种态度虽然不够理想，但还不至于消极透顶。 Although not ideal, this attitude is not entirely destructive.

[法] attribute，ascribe，attribute to，impute，put down to ；

[例句] 你或许是个怀疑论者，会把它归因于生活的不公正。 You may be a sceptic and put it down to life's inequalities.

[例句] 他的失败可归因于缺乏经验. His failure can be chalked up to lack of experience.

wont，[法] addicted ；

[例句] 他们惯于干这种工作. They are accustomed to this sort of work.

[例句] 心理问题咨询人员惯于同有自杀倾向的人打交道. Counsellors are used to dealing with suicidal people.

next to，be next only to，after ；

[例句] 肝炎是仅次于吸烟的主要健康隐患。 As a major health risk hepatitis is second only to tobacco.

[例句] 他的残忍在程度上仅次于犯罪. His cruelty was only one remove from crime.