以下这些动词均有"要求，请求" 的意思
ask ：最普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长、晚辈，上下级之间都可使用。
beg ：指恳切地或再三地请求或要求，常含低三下四意味，也多用于应酬场合。
demand ：一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。
require ：强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。
request ：正式用词，指非常正式，有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。
implore ：书面用词，着重指迫切、焦急或痛苦地恳求或哀求，常含较强的感情色彩。
claim ：指有权或宣称有权得到而公开提出的要求。
pray ：语气庄重，指热情、诚恳和敬祈的要求，现不很常用。
entreat ：泛指一般"恳求或哀求"，含企图说服对方或用热烈的请求软化反对意见的意味。
以下这些动词均含有"断言，声称" 的意思
assert ：主观意味强，指自认为某事就是如此，而不管事实如何。
affirm ：侧重在作出断言时表现出的坚定与不可动摇的态度。
allege ：多指无真凭实据，不提供证据的断言或宣称。
maintain ：与assert近义，但前者指坚决维护某种主张或观点。
testify ：多指在法庭作证，庄严地宣称自己所说属实。
claim ：可与assert换用，但语气弱一些，侧重指行为自己的权利提出要求他人承认。
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VERB
声称;断言
If you say that someone claims that something is true, you mean they say that it is true but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth.
例句
He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him...
他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。
A man claiming to be a journalist threatened to reveal details about her private life...
一个自称是记者的人威胁要公开有关她的私生活的细节。
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N-COUNT
声称;断言
A claim is something which someone says which they cannot prove and which may be false.
例句
He repeated his claim that the people of Trinidad and Tobago backed his action...
他再次声称，特立尼达和多巴哥的人民支持他的行动。
He rejected claims that he had affairs with six women.
他拒不承认他和6个女人有染的说法。
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VERB
声称(负有责任或享有功劳)
If you say that someone claims responsibility or credit for something, you mean they say that they are responsible for it, but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth.
例句
An underground organisation has claimed responsibility for the bomb explosion...
一个地下组织已经声称对这起炸弹爆炸事件负责。
He was too modest to claim the credit.
他太谦逊，不愿意邀功。
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VERB
索取，索要(有权拥有的东西)
If you claim something, you try to get it because you think you have a right to it.
例句
Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.
如今他们回来索取本属于他们的东西。
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N-COUNT
主张;要求
A claim is a demand for something that you think you have a right to.
例句
Rival claims to Macedonian territory caused conflict in the Balkans.
多方主张拥有对马其顿的领土主权，结果在巴尔干地区引发了冲突。
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VERB
取得，获得，赢得(纪录、冠军或奖励)
If someone claims a record, title, or prize, they gain or win it.
例句
Zhuang claimed the record in 54.64 seconds...
庄创下了54.64秒的纪录。
Steffi Graf claimed a fourth Wimbledon title in 1992.
施特菲·格拉芙于1992年第4次赢得温布尔登桂冠。
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N-COUNT
权利;要求权
If you have a claim on someone or their attention, you have the right to demand things from them or to demand their attention.
例句
She'd no claims on him now...
现在他不欠她什么了。
He was surrounded by people, all with claims on his attention.
他被人们团团围住，个个都要他把注意力放在自己身上。
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VERB
需要，要求(花时间或精力)
If something or someone claims your attention, they need you to spend your time and effort on them.
例句
There is already a long list of people claiming her attention.
需要她关注的人已经很多了。
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VERB
索要，索取，申领(钱)
If you claim money from the government, an insurance company, or another organization, you officially apply to them for it, because you think you are entitled to it according to their rules.
例句
Some 25 per cent of the people who are entitled to claim State benefits do not do so...
有权申领政府补贴的人当中，约有25%没有提出申请。
John had taken out redundancy insurance but when he tried to claim, he was refused payment...
约翰办理过失业保险，可是当他去索赔时却遭拒付。
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VERB
(向雇主)索要，索取，讨要(钱、福利)
If you claim money or other benefits from your employers, you demand them because you think you deserve or need them.
例句
The union claimed a pay rise worth four times the rate of inflation.
工会要求按照通货膨胀率的4倍提高工资。
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VERB
(战争、疾病、事故)夺去(生命)，导致(死亡)
If you say that a war, disease, or accident claims someone's life, you mean that they are killed in it or by it.
例句
The civil war claimed the life of a U.N. interpreter yesterday...
昨天，内战夺去了一位联合国译员的生命。
Heart disease is the biggest killer, claiming 180,000 lives a year.
心脏病是头号杀手，每年夺去18万条生命。
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PHRASE
成名之举；成名之作
Someone's claim to fame is something quite important or interesting that they have done or that is connected with them.
例句
Barbara Follett's greatest claim to fame is that she taught Labour MPs how to look good on television.
芭芭拉·福利特最出名的事就是她教工党议员如何在电视上拥有良好形象。
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PHRASE
声称拥有
If you lay claim to something you do not have, you say that it belongs to you.
例句
Five Asian countries lay claim to the islands.
5个亚洲国家声称对那些岛屿拥有主权。
Noun
1. an assertion of a right (as to money or property);
"his claim asked for damages"2. an assertion that something is true or factual;
"his claim that he was innocent""evidence contradicted the government's claims"3. demand for something as rightful or due;
"they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day"4. an informal right to something;
"his claim on her attentions""his title to fame"5. an established or recognized right;
"a strong legal claim to the property""he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate""he staked his claim"6. a demand especially in the phrase "the call of duty"
Verb
1. assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing;
"He claimed that he killed the burglar"2. demand as being one's due or property; assert one's right or title to;
"He claimed his suitcases at the airline counter""Mr. Smith claims special tax exemptions because he is a foreign resident"3. ask for legally or make a legal claim to, as of debts, for example;
"They claimed on the maximum allowable amount"4. lay claim to; as of an idea;
"She took credit for the whole idea"5. take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs;
"the accident claimed three lives""The hard work took its toll on her"