n. 有效，合法性，效力，正确，正当，正确性；
[例句] Shocked by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote...
[例句] Some people, of course, denied the validity of any such claim.
adj. （指工具、机器等）多用途的，多才多艺的，有多种学问、技能或职业的，多功能的；
[例句] He had been one of the game's most versatile athletes.
[例句] Never before has computing been so versatile.
adj. 有益健康的，健全的，合乎卫生的；
[例句] ...good, wholesome fun.
[例句] ...a very decent and wholesome bunch of lads.
vt. 使枯萎，使畏缩，使衰弱；vi. 凋谢，衰弱，萎缩；
[例句] When he went into retirement, he visibly withered...
[例句] Industries unable to modernize have been left to wither.
v. 扮演，描述，描绘，表现；
[例句] In 1975 he portrayed the king in a Los Angeles revival of 'Camelot'.
[例句] ...the busty and rumbustious Mrs Hall, excellently portrayed by Toni Palmer.
n. （宗教等的）仪式，例行公事，老规矩，典
[例句] This is the most ancient, and holiest of the Shinto rituals...
[例句] These ceremonies were already part of pre-Christian ritual in Mexico.
vt. 使联合，使相同，使一致，统一；
[例句] A flexible retirement age is being considered by Ministers to unify men's and women's pension rights...
[例句] He said he would seek to unify the Conservative Party and win the next general election...
n. 微观世界，小宇宙，缩影，小规模地；
[例句] Kitchell says the city was a microcosm of all American culture during the '60s...
[例句] In many respects, Mahan's story is that of the Asian community in microcosm.
n. 初学者，新手，新信徒，尚未赢过大赛的赛马；
[例句] I'm a novice at these things, Lieutenant. You're the professional...
[例句] As a novice writer, this is something I'm interested in.
adj. 不敬（神）的，渎神的，亵渎的，世俗的；vt. 不敬；亵渎，玷污；n. 未受秘传的人；
[例句] ...profane language.
[例句] Cardinal Daly has said that churches should not be used for profane or secular purposes.
vi. 冲刺，全速短跑；n. 全速短跑，速度或活动的突然爆发；
[例句] Rob Harmeling won the sprint in Bordeaux.
[例句] ...the women's 100-metres sprint.
vt. 签名承认（担保），签名接受（保险），给…保险，认购，在…下面写；vi. 经营保险业；
[例句] ...58,500 dollars to underwrite a new home...
[例句] The government will have to create a special agency to underwrite small business loans...
n. 赌金，赌注，赌物，赌博；vt.& vi. 打赌，担保，保证；vt. 保证，担保，下赌注；
[例句] Just because people wagered on the Yankees did not mean that they liked them...
[例句] Golfers had wagered a good deal of money on Nick Faldo winning the championship.
adj. 沉静的，宁静的，安宁的，安详的，晴朗的，清澈的；
[例句] She looked as calm and serene as she always did...
[例句] He didn't speak much, he just smiled with that serene smile of his.
n. 柩衣，棺罩，棺材，帷幕，[宗]祭服；vt. 覆上棺布，以布幕遮盖，（酒等）走味，失味，使扫兴；vi. 感到无聊，厌烦，扫兴，使生腻，过饱；
[例句] Already the allure of meals in restaurants had begun to pall.
[例句] A pall of oily black smoke drifted over the clifftop.
vt. 对…予以惩罚，使处于不利地位；
[例句] Some of the players may, on occasion, break the rules and be penalized...
[例句] Use of the car is penalized by increasing the fares of parking lots...
vt.&vi. 总结，扼要重述，摘要；
[例句] Let's just recapitulate the essential points...
[例句] It will shortly be put up for sale under the terms already communicated to you, which, to recapitulate, call for a very minimum of publicity.
n. 恶臭，水蒸汽，雾，烟；vi. 发出浓烈的臭气，散发臭气，冒烟；vt. 散发，用烟熏，发出…的气息；
[例句] Your breath reeks of stale cigar smoke...
[例句] The entire house reeked for a long time.
n. 恢复，复原，继承权，未来所有权；
[例句] This is a reversion to the system under which the Royals were paid for nearly 300 years.
[例句] ...a reversion to the emotions of her baby years.
n. 窝棚，简陋的小屋，无线电收发室，游民，驽马，废马；vi. 未婚而同居，居住，暂住，追到，拣起并把（球）丢回去；