vt.& vi. 开始，着手，获得学位；
[例句] The academic year commences at the beginning of October...
[例句] They commenced a systematic search...
n. 强迫，强制，冲动，打动人的力量；
[例句] He felt a sudden compulsion to drop the bucket and run...
[例句] It's a compulsion to write, more than talent, that makes a writer.
adj. 必须做的，强制性的，义务的，必修的；
[例句] In East Germany learning Russian was compulsory...
[例句] Many young men are trying to get away from compulsory military conscription.
n. 自负，幻想，思想，观点，巧妙构思；v. 幻想，〈古〉理解；
[例句] He knew, without conceit, he was considered a genius...
[例句] Pamela knew she was a good student, and that was not just a conceit.
vt. 调制，捏造，图谋，策划；
[例句] Mr Ferguson said the prisoner concocted the story to get a lighter sentence.
[例句] Eugene was concocting Rossini Cocktails from champagne and pureed raspberries.
vt. 设计，发明，创造，策划，设法做到；vi. 计划或谋划；
[例句] The oil companies were accused of contriving a shortage of gasoline to justify price increases.
[例句] We therefore had to contrive a very large black-out curtain.
vt. 召集，聚集，传唤；vi. 集合；
[例句] Last August he convened a meeting of his closest advisers at Camp David...
[例句] Senior officials convened in October 1991 in London.
adj. 勇敢的，无畏的，有胆量的，英勇的，勐；
[例句] It was a very frightening experience and they were very courageous...
[例句] It was a courageous decision, and one that everybody admired.
vt. 填满，塞满，死记硬背，猛吃；vi. （为考试而）死记硬背，狼吞虎咽地吃东西；adj. 填鸭式学的，临时学的；n. 死记硬背，极度拥挤，填塞，压碎；
[例句] While nobody was looking, she squashed her school hat and crammed it into a wastebasket...
[例句] I crammed my bag full of swimsuits and T-shirts and caught the sleeper down to Beziers...
n. （钢琴的）制音器，减震器，（火炉等的）风门，使人扫兴的人（事）；adj. 潮湿的，不完全干燥的( damp的比较级 )；
[例句] The cold weather put a damper on our plans...
[例句] That would put a damper on the future growth of U.S. steel exports.
n. 目的，目标，目的地，终点，[罕用语]预定，指定；
[例句] Spain is still our most popular holiday destination...
[例句] Only half of the emergency supplies have reached their destination.
n. 探测器，检测器，发现者，侦察器；
[例句] ...a metal detector.
[例句] ...fire alarms and smoke detectors.
n. 慎重，考虑周到，判断力，辨别力，自行决定的自由；
[例句] Larsson sometimes joined in the fun, but with more discretion...
[例句] He appreciated his discretion and his fidelity.
vt. 解剖，仔细分析；vi. 进行解剖，进行详细分析；
[例句] We dissected a frog in biology class.
[例句] People want to dissect his work and question his motives.
adj. 有特色的，与众不同的，区别的，鉴别性的，独特，特异；
[例句] ...the distinctive odour of chlorine.
[例句] ...a distinctive blue and yellow flag...
vt. 浇水在…上，熄灯；vi. 浸泡；n. 泼洒，〈方〉一击；
[例句] The pumps were started and the crew began to douse the fire with water.
[例句] They hurled abuse at their victim as they doused him with petrol.
v. 居住，栖身，沉湎于，唠叨（尤指令人不快的事）；
[例句] I'd rather not dwell on the past.
[例句] They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the Indians who dwell in it...
n. 情感，感情，情绪，感动，激动；
[例句] Happiness was an emotion that Reynolds was having to relearn...
[例句] Her voice trembled with emotion.
vt. 包围，围绕；
[例句] A forty-foot-high concrete wall encircles the jail...
[例句] By 22nd November the Sixth Army was encircled.
adj. 鼓励的，赞助的，促进的；v. 鼓励( encourage的现在分词)，支持，促进，鼓动；
[例句] There are encouraging signs of an artistic revival...
[例句] The results have been encouraging...