vt. 提炼，改善，使高雅；
[例句] Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities.
[例句] Surgical techniques are constantly being refined.
vt. 责骂；vi. 责骂，斥责；n. 常骂人的人；
[例句] If he finds out, he'll scold me...
[例句] Later she scolded her daughter for having talked to her father like that...
vt.& vi. 使锐利，使敏捷，加重，削尖；vi. 尖锐，变锋利；
[例句] Her gaze sharpened, as if she had seen something unusual...
[例句] You can sharpen your skills with rehearsal.
n. 使用，用法，习惯，惯例；
[例句] The word 'undertaker' had long been in common usage...
[例句] He was a stickler for the correct usage of English.
vt. 把…减至最低数量[程度]，对（某事物）作最低估计，极力贬低（某事物）的价值[重要性]，极度轻视；
[例句] Concerned people want to minimize the risk of developing cancer...
[例句] Many of these problems can be minimised by sensible planning.
n. 绰号，诨名，昵称；vt. 给…起绰号，用诨名[爱称]称呼，叫错名字；
[例句] Red got his nickname for his red hair.
[例句] When he got older I nicknamed him Little Alf...
n. 歹徒，亡命之徒，逃犯，被剥夺法律保护者，丧失公权者，烈马；vt. 宣布…为不合法，将…放逐，剥夺…的法律保护，剥夺，取缔；
[例句] In 1975 gambling was outlawed...
[例句] The German government has outlawed some fascist groups.
n. [植]茎，秆，叶柄，花梗，高视阔步，偷偷接近，潜随；vt. 追踪，潜近，高视阔步；vi. 高视阔步地走，潜近，偷偷接近；
[例句] A single pale blue flower grows up from each joint on a long stalk.
[例句] ...corn stalks.
n. 对称，对称美，整齐，匀称；
[例句] ...the incredible beauty and symmetry of a snowflake...
[例句] I loved the house because it had perfect symmetry...
adj. 琐碎的，无价值的，平常的，平凡的，不重要的，[生]种的；
[例句] The director tried to wave aside these issues as trivial details that could be settled later...
[例句] I don't like to visit the doctor just for something trivial.
vi. 高飞，飞腾，猛增，剧增，高耸，屹立；n. 高飞，高涨，高飞范围，上升高度；vt. 高飞越过，飞升到；
[例句] Insurance claims are expected to soar...
[例句] Shares soared on the stock exchange...
n. 付赎金救人，赎金，[神]赎罪；vt. 赎回，[神]赎救；
[例句] Her kidnapper successfully extorted a £75,000 ransom for her release...
[例句] The president has said the United States will never pay ransom for the hostages...
n. [化]溶剂，溶媒，解释，说明，解决方法，使瓦解的东西；adj. 有溶解能力的，可溶解的，有清还债务能力的，起瓦解作用的；
[例句] They're going to have to show that the company is now solvent.
[例句] ...a small amount of cleaning solvent.
vi. 侵占，侵入，侵犯，侵害（权利等），打扰，冒犯；n. 罪过，打扰，非法进入，擅自进入，冒犯；
[例句] They were trespassing on private property...
[例句] You're trespassing!
n. （强烈的）反对，敌对，（政府的）反对党，在野党，对抗，抵抗，相对，对照；adj. 反对的，对抗的；
[例句] The government is facing a new wave of opposition in the form of a student strike...
[例句] Much of the opposition to this plan has come from the media.
n. 典当，抵押物，（国际象棋中的）兵，卒，爪牙，人质；vt. 典当，抵押，以（某事物）担保，拿（生命，名誉等）作保证；
[例句] He is contemplating pawning his watch.
[例句] It looks as though he is being used as a political pawn by the President...
n. 支柱，支撑物，支持者，后盾，靠山，道具，（橄榄球中的）支柱前锋；vt. 支撑，支持，维持，使倚靠在某物上；
[例句] He rocked back in the chair and propped his feet on the desk...
[例句] He propped his bike against the bus.
n. 道德败坏的人，恶棍；
[例句] ...a drunken reprobate.
adj. 庄严的，雄伟的，令人赞叹的，极端的，傲慢的；n. 庄严，崇高，高无上，顶点；vt. （使）升华，精练，（使）变高尚；vi. 升华，变高尚；
[例句] Sublime music floats on a scented summer breeze to the spot where you lie.
[例句] ...the sublime beauty of nature.
脱掉，起飞，（使）离开，突然成功；
[例句] We eventually took off at 11 o'clock and arrived in Venice at 1.30.
[例句] They need to expand the number of farmers who are involved if the scheme's going to really take off...