vt. 阻止，排除，妨碍；

[例句] At 84, John feels his age precludes too much travel...

[例句] He would rebuff enquiries in such a way as to preclude any further discussion.

n. 产生极性，极化，（光）偏振，对立；

[例句] Missile deployment did much to further polarize opinion in Britain...

[例句] As the car rental industry polarizes, business will go to the bigger companies...

n. 支持，后援，阻塞，备份文件，[乐]伴奏；adj. 备用的，后补的，支持性的，伴奏的；

[例句] There is no emergency back-up immediately available...

[例句] Alternative treatments can provide a useful back-up to conventional treatment.

n. 流言蜚语，谣言，爱讲闲话的人，谈话，闲话，关系亲密的伙伴；vi. 传播流言，说长道短；

[例句] He spent the first hour talking gossip...

[例句] There has been much gossip about the possible reasons for his absence...

adj. 有报酬的，领取报酬的，领钱的，付费的；v. 付给( pay的过去式)，付款，有利可图，（对…）有利；

[例句] Apart from a small team of paid staff, the organisation consists of unpaid volunteers.

[例句] ...tourist visas, which prohibit paid work.

n. 操场，尤指提供如秋千等设备的户外场地，游乐场，（某些集体聚会游乐的）园地；

[例句] ...St Tropez, playground of the rich and famous.

n. 现象，事件，奇迹，非凡的人；

[例句] ...scientific explanations of natural phenomena...

[例句] This form of civil disobedience isn't a particularly new phenomenon.

n. 议会，国会；

[例句] Parliament today approved the policy, but it has not yet become law.

[例句] The legislation is expected to be passed in the next parliament.

n. 原型，雏形，蓝本；

[例句] Chris Retzler has built a prototype of a machine called the wave rotor.

[例句] ...the first prototype aircraft.

adj. 平和的，宁静的，温和的，满意的，满足的，平缓；

[例句] She was a placid child who rarely cried...

[例句] Marcus remained placid in the face of her outburst.

n. 幻影，幽灵，错觉，恐惧的事物；adj. 幽灵似的，幻影的，虚幻的，虚构的；

[例句] They vanished down the stairs like two phantoms...

[例句] The phantom used to appear unexpectedly, but mostly during the winter.

vi. 小心翼翼地移动，徘徊；vt. （动物）潜行（为捕猎等），潜行（图谋不轨等），（因无聊、焦躁等）徘徊；n. （动物）悄然潜行（以觅食），人)（人为抓捕或行窃等）悄悄巡行以寻找；

[例句] Policemen prowled around the building.

[例句] Their fellow travellers are a mix of honeymooners, single girls on the prowl and elderly couples...

n. 刑罚，惩罚，严厉对待，给吃苦头；

[例句] ...a group which campaigns against the physical punishment of children...

[例句] I have no doubt that the man is guilty and that he deserves punishment.

n. 奖学金，学术，学识；

[例句] He got a scholarship to the Pratt Institute of Art.

[例句] ...scholarships for women over 30.

n. 政治家，政客，玩弄权术者，政客，政治贩；

[例句] They have arrested a number of leading opposition politicians.

adv. 实际上，几乎，事实上；

[例句] He'd known the old man practically all his life...

[例句] I know people who find it practically impossible to give up smoking.

n. 赞助人，资助人，顾客，老主顾，保护人，[宗]守护神；

[例句] Catherine the Great was a patron of the arts and sciences.

[例句] Fiona and Alastair have become patrons of the National Missing Person's Helpline.

vt. 使迷惑，使混乱，使复杂化；

[例句] It perplexed him because he was tackling it the wrong way.

n. 寄生物，寄生虫，食客，寄生植物，天线反射器；

n. 前提，[复数]房屋，[复数][合同、契约用语]上述各点，（逻辑学中的）大[小]前提；vt. 预述（条件等），提出…为前提，假设，作出前提；

[例句] There is a kitchen on the premises...

[例句] The business moved to premises in Brompton Road.