adj. 过去的，以前的，结束的，前任的；n. 过去，过往，往事，[语]过去时；prep. 超过，超出，远于，越过；adv. 经过，超过；

[例句] In the past, about a third of the babies born to women with diabetes were lost...

[例句] He should learn from the mistakes of the past. We have been here before...

vt. 提议，建议，打算，计划，推荐，提名，求婚；vi. 做出计划，打算，求婚；

[例句] Britain is about to propose changes to some institutions...

[例句] It was George who first proposed that we dry clothes in that locker.

vt.& vi. 碰撞，冲撞，颠簸；vi. 颠簸着前进；n. 碰撞，撞击，肿块，隆起物，鹭鸶的叫声；adv. 突然地，猛烈地，扑通一声；

[例句] They stopped walking and he almost bumped into them...

[例句] There was a jerk as the boat bumped against something...

n. 时期，（一段）时间，学时，句号；adj. 具有某个时代特征的，（关于）过去某一特定历史时期的，（家具、服饰、建筑等）某一时代的；

[例句] This crisis might last for a long period of time.

[例句] ...a period of a few months.

vt. 保护，保持，保存，腌制食物，防腐处理；vi. 保鲜，保持原状，做蜜饯，禁猎；n. 蜜饯，防护用品，禁猎地，独占的事物（或范围）；

[例句] We will do everything to preserve peace.

[例句] ...an effort to fit in more students while preserving standards.

n. 部分，份额，比例，匀称，面积，规模；

[例句] A large proportion of the dolphins in that area will eventually die...

[例句] A proportion of the rent is met by the city council.

n. 水平，平面，飞机，木工刨；adj. 平的，平坦的；vt. 用刨刨平，小船等擦着水面疾驶；vi. 鸟滑翔；

[例句] He had plenty of time to catch his plane...

[例句] Her mother was killed in a plane crash.

n. 前景，期望，眺望处，景象；vi. 勘探，勘察，（矿等）有希望，有前途；vt. 找矿，对…进行仔细调查；

[例句] Unfortunately, there is little prospect of seeing these big questions answered...

[例句] The prospects for peace in the country's eight-year civil war are becoming brighter...

vt.& vi. 刺，扎，戳，刺伤，刺痛；n. 刺，扎，刺伤，刺痛，尖形器具；

[例句] Prick the potatoes and rub the skins with salt...

[例句] He pricks holes in the foil with a pin.

vi. 跳上[下]，单足蹦跳，齐足（或双足）跳行，摘葎草花；vt. 跃过，登上（飞机、汽车、火车等），在…跳来跳去，加啤酒花于；n. 跳舞，蹦跳，（棒球等的）弹跳，（非正式）舞会；vt.& vi. 换来换去，不断更换；

[例句] I hopped down three steps...

[例句] Malcolm hopped rather than walked.

adj. 公众的，公共的，公开的，政府的，人人知道的，知名的；n. 大众，社会，公共场所，（文学家等的）爱读者；

[例句] Lauderdale House is now open to the public...

[例句] Pure alcohol is not for sale to the general public...

v. 游行，展览，招摇过市，接受检阅；n. 检阅，游行，一系列，炫耀；

[例句] A military parade marched slowly and solemnly down Pennsylvania Avenue.

[例句] More than four thousand soldiers, sailors and airmen paraded down the Champs Elysee...

vt. 允诺，许诺，给人以…的指望或希望，保证；vi. 许诺，有指望，有前途；n. 许诺，希望，指望，允诺的东西；

[例句] The post office has promised to resume first class mail delivery to the area on Friday...

[例句] He had promised that the rich and privileged would no longer get preferential treatment...

vt. 包，缠绕，用…包裹（或包扎、覆盖等），掩护；n. 膝毯，披肩，围巾，围脖，头巾，罩衫，外套，大衣，包装纸，〈俚〉机密；vi. 缠绕，盘绕（通常与 over, around 等连用），包上，裹上，穿上（衣服等）；

[例句] Harry had carefully bought and wrapped presents for Mark to give them...

[例句] Mexican Indians used to wrap tough meat in leaves from the papaya tree.

adj. 敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的，准时的；v. 促使，导致，鼓励，提示；n. 激励，提示符，提词，提示；adv. 准时地；

[例句] Japan's recession has prompted consumers to cut back on buying cars...

[例句] The need for villagers to control their own destinies has prompted a new plan.

vi. 跳，冲动的行动；vt. 跳过，跃过，使跳跃；n. 跳跃，飞跃，跳跃的距离；

[例句] He had leapt from a window in the building and escaped...

[例句] The newsreels show him leaping into the air...

n. 飞行员，引航员，向导，[机械学]导向器（或轴）；vt. 驾驶，试验，试点，为（船舶）引航（或操舵）；adj. 试验性的，导向的，驾驶员的，辅助的；

[例句] He spent seventeen years as an airline pilot.

[例句] ...fighter pilots of the British Royal Air Force.

n. 保证，誓言，[法]抵押权，公约，（表示友谊的）干杯；vt.& vi. 使发誓，保证，典当，抵

[例句] The meeting ended with a pledge to step up cooperation between the six states of the region.

[例句] ...a £1.1m pledge of support from the Spanish ministry of culture.

n. 管子，烟斗，管乐器，（管风琴的）音管；vt. 以管输送，用管乐器演奏，尖声唱；vi. 吹奏管乐器，尖叫，尖声地说（或唱），尖声啼鸣，[航海] 吹长哨；

[例句] They had accidentally damaged a gas pipe while drilling...

[例句] The plant makes plastic covered steel pipes for the oil and gas industries.

n. 港口，（事情的）意义，（计算机与其他设备的）接口，（船、飞机等的）左舷；vt. 举枪，持枪，左转舵；vi. 转向左舷；adj. 左舷的，左侧的；vt.& vi. 转舵（向左），把（舵）转向左边；adv. 向左舷，向左；

[例句] Port-Louis is an attractive little fishing port.

[例句] ...the Mediterranean port of Marseilles.