n. 广告，做广告，登广告，广告业；adj. 广告的，广告业的；v. 公告，为…做广告(advertise的ing形式)；

adj. 鼓励的，赞助的，促进的；v. 鼓励( encourage的现在分词)，支持，促进，鼓动；

[例句] There are encouraging signs of an artistic revival...

[例句] The results have been encouraging...

adj. 优美的，优雅的，雅致的，美好的，得体的，飘逸；

[例句] His movements were so graceful they seemed effortless.

[例句] ...graceful ballerinas.

n. 房屋，供给住宅，掩护，外罩；

[例句] ...a shortage of affordable housing...

[例句] Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental health.

n. 制造，产生的过程，成功改进的手段，原料，材料；v. “make”的现在分词；

[例句] ...Salamon's book about the making of this movie...

[例句] Ducks' eggs are particularly prized for cake making.

n. 小困难或障碍，突出物，钩丝；vt. 戳坏，抓住，清除暗桩；vi. 妨碍，被戳坏；

[例句] A police clampdown on car thieves hit a snag when villains stole one of their cars...

[例句] The school deals exclusively with children of high academic ability. There is a snag though, it costs £9,600 a year.

下（车、马等），离开，发出，（使）入睡；

[例句] He is likely to get off with a small fine.

[例句] At eight I said 'I'm getting off now.'

v. 凑合( piece的现在分词 )，凑成，修补，组合资料（以便了解情况）；

[例句] ...a piece of cake.

[例句] ...a piece of wood.

n. 食物加工法；v. 治愈( cure的现在分词 )，矫正，解决，消除；

[例句] An operation finally cured his shin injury...

[例句] Her cancer can only be controlled, not cured.

n. 整理成档案，文件归档，锉；v. 提出（离婚诉讼或其他讼案）( file的现在分词 )，把…归档，用锉锉，（法院或其它行政机关）定案；

[例句] He sat behind a table on which were half a dozen files.

[例句] ...a file of insurance papers.

n. 语法，语法书，（学术的）基本原理，（人的）语言知识及运用能力；

[例句] He doesn't have mastery of the basic rules of grammar.

[例句] ...the difference between Sanskrit and English grammar.

vt. 抓住，捉牢，搏斗，与…格斗，用铁锚（铁钩）钩住；vi. 抓住，格斗；n. 扭打，格斗，紧握，抓机，抓斗，与…格斗；

[例句] The economy is just one of several critical problems the country is grappling with.

[例句] He was grappling with an alligator in a lagoon...

vi. （雷）作隆隆声，嘟哝，愤愤不平地抱怨；vt. 低声咆哮着说，粗鲁地说出；n. 低吼，狺狺声，咆哮，粗声大气；

[例句] The dog was biting, growling and wagging its tail.

[例句] His fury was so great he could hardly speak. He growled some unintelligible words at Pete...

adv. 头向前地，急速地，轻率地；adj. 头向前的，急速的，轻率的，险峻的；

[例句] He ran headlong for the open door.

[例句] She missed her footing and fell headlong down the stairs.

prep. 直到，在等待…期间；adj. 未决的，未定的，待定的，即将发生的；

[例句] The cause of death was listed as pending...

[例句] In 1989, the court had 600 pending cases...

n. 吼声，咆哮，怒号，轰鸣；adj. 兴旺的，喧哗的，风哮雨嚎的；adv. 非常地；v. 怒吼，咆哮，大声喊出( roar的现在分词)；

[例句] The government's first effort to privatize a company has been a roaring success.

[例句] Salesmen of unofficial souvenirs have also been doing a roaring trade.

adj. 可折叠的；v. 折叠，对折交叠( fold的现在分词 )，包围，包起，笼罩；

[例句] He folded the paper carefully...

[例句] Fold the omelette in half...

n. 胆汁，五倍子，怨恨，苦物，苦味；vt. 擦伤，擦破，使烦恼，侮辱，被磨损；vi. 被磨伤；

[例句] I daresay he thought he was above the law. I can't get over the gall of the fellow...

[例句] She had the gall to suggest that I might supply her with information about what Steve was doing.

n. 咯咯的笑，傻笑，玩笑，the giggles 止不住的格格笑；vi. 咯咯地笑，傻笑，娇笑一下，情不自禁地笑出声来；

[例句] Both girls began to giggle...

[例句] 'I beg your pardon?' she giggled.

vt. 招致（court的现在分词形式）；

[例句] At this rate, we could find ourselves in the divorce courts!

[例句] ...a county court judge...