名 nature，character，quality，essence；动 question，call to account，pawn，mortgage；形 （朴素） simple，plain，unadorned ；

[例句] 无麸质饮食对一些关节炎患者有疗效。 Some cases of arthritis respond to a gluten-free diet.

[例句] 索米尔周围的白垩质土壤出产著名的安茹葡萄酒。 The chalky soil around Saumur produces the famous Anjou wines.

character，quality，tone，trait ；

[例句] 现今的有机葡萄酒生产商一般是注重品质的小型家族企业. Today's organic wine producer is typically a small, quality-conscious family concern.

[例句] 他具有我要找的伴侣应该具备的所有品质。 He had all the qualities I was looking for in a partner.

quality，[物] mass；

[例句] 买价钱经济的家具并不意味着就要牺牲质量和样式。 Buying budget-priced furniture needn't mean compromising on quality or style.

[例句] 现有的住房几乎少有质量过关的。 Little of the existing housing is of good enough quality.

[物] medium，agent，dielectric，media ；

[例句] 在介质击穿的情况下, 出现了一种不同类型的加速. In the case of dielectric breakdown, a different type of acceleration occurs.

[例句] 在这种方法中, “ 自由水 ” 样品是直接在水介质中取得的. In this method " free water'samples are taken directly in the aquatic medium.

matter，substance，material ；

[例句] 物质和意识形态上的障碍在东欧已不复存在。 Physical and ideological barriers had come down in Eastern Europe.

[例句] 脱咖啡因的咖啡仍含一些刺激物和其他可能致癌的有害物质。 Decaffeinated coffee still contains some stimulants and other nasties linked with cancer.

[哲]essence，nature，innate character，intrinsic quality，genius ；

[例句] 虽然地税在细节上复杂得要命，但在本质上却很简单。 Though off-puttingly complicated in detail, local taxes are in essence simple.

[例句] 罗就偏见的本质讲了一番很精辟的话。 Rowe does a very clever riff on the nature of prejudice.

[生理] cortex，skinniness ；

[例句] 肾上腺皮质反应与烧伤的严重性是平行的. The adrenocortical response appears to parallel the severity of the burn.

[例句] 肾上腺皮质的主要产物为醛固酮 、 皮质醇和脱氢异雄酮硫酸盐. The principal adrenocortical products are aldosterone, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate.

physique，constitution，body constitution，somatoplasm，corporeity ；

[例句] 约翰逊医生和我一直试图增强他的体质。 Dr. Johnson and I have been trying to build him up physically.

[例句] 现在采取措施增强体质会使你日后受益。 Steps taken now to maximise your health will pay dividends later on.

[固物] impurity，foreign substance，impurity substance，inclusion ；

[例句] 原先苹果酒里的任何杂质在蒸馏后都会凸现出来。 Any faults in the original cider stood out sharply after distillation.

[例句] 一旦杂质沉淀下去，油就可以分级了。 Once its impurities had settled, the oil could be graded.

go bad，deteriorate，[地]metamorphism，[冶]modification，metamorphose ；

[例句] 我们都知道油脂变质后会发臭。 We all know that fats spoil by becoming rancid.

[例句] 有些生物会导致食物变质并引起食物中毒。 Some organisms are responsible for spoiling food and cause food poisoning.

keratin，ceratine，cutin，horn，horniness ；

[例句] 鸟的角质喙 the bird's horny beak

[例句] 指甲是生长在手指头尖端的细薄角质物. Nails are thin horny growths at the ends of the fingers.

mass point，material particle，material point，point particle，particle ；

[例句] P点和Q点分别表示该质点的两个位置. Points P and Q represent two positions of the particle.

[例句] 碰撞并不往往使质点减速. Collisions need not always act to slow particles down.

[植] base material，bulk material，stroma，substrate ；

[例句] 生根的基质应当是湿润, 透气良好和消过毒的. The rooting medium should be moist, well aerated, and sterile.

[例句] 琥珀酸盐在以后的氧消耗中是最有效的基质. Succinate was the most effective substrate in following oxygen consumption.

[物] proton，uron，hydrion，merron ；

[例句] 质子的质量几乎是电子的2,000倍。 Protons are nearly 2000 times as heavy as electrons.

[例句] 质子是物质的基本粒子。 A proton is an elementary particle of matter.

（地壳的成分和结构） geology ；

[例句] “莫伊拉跟你说什么啦？”利兹突然生气地质问道。 "What did Moira tell you?" Liz demanded with a flash of anger.

[例句] 数以亿万年计的地质史 aeons of geological history

substance，essence，texture，parenchyma，essential；

[例句] 这实质上是一种狭隘的、因循守旧的照顾孩子的方法。 It is essentially a narrow and conservative approach to child care.

[例句] 资金是空运安全争论中的实质问题。 Money lies at the heart of the debate over airline safety.

sarcode，bioplasson，plasma，protoplasm，bioplasm ；

[例句] 接触的细胞的原生质体通过原生质连丝连接成一体. The protoplasts of attached cells are connected and integrated by plasmodesmata.

[例句] 果胶物质分成原生质果胶, 果胶和果胶酸. The pectic substances can be classed protopectins, pectins and pectin acids.

homogenesis，homogeny，homogeneity ；

[例句] 增长模型常常把劳动力视为同质的. Growth models usually consider labor as homogeneous.

[例句] 位于精细管之间的同质细胞 ( 莱代细胞 ) 产生雄激素. The intersitial ( Leydig ) cells which lie between the tubules are the source of the male hormone.

neterogeny，alloplasm，heterogeneous medium，heterogeneity ；

[例句] 病人的免疫系统会对移植器官产生异质排斥反应。 The patient'simmune system would reject the transplanted organ as a foreign object.

[例句] 这种现象被艾瑟称做 “ 异质亲和性 ”. This phenomenon has been termed " heterogenic compatibility " by Esser.

homogeneity ；

[例句] 这些是均质性更好、光学灵敏度更高的现代材料. These are modern materials having greater uniformity and higher optical sensitivity.

[例句] 他认为该式不能应用到非均质流型. He believes that this equation connot be applied to heterogeneous flow.