名 stem or root of plants，foundation，origin，basis；量 book，volume，reel；形 original，one's own，native，principal；副 （原来） originally；动 （遵照； 按照） follow，bas

[例句] 他那本带有精美插图的书见证了他对大学的热爱。 His beautifully illustrated book well attested his love of the university.

[例句] 1941年，火车本可以由蒸汽机车拉动。 In 1941, the train would have been pulled by a steam engine.

sample book，specimen，advanced copy，sample，stylebook ；

[例句] 规则要求样本必须装在两个水密容器中。 The rules state that samples must be enclosed in two watertight containers.

[例句] 样本选自两个全科诊所的病历档案。 The sample was selected from the medical records of two general practices.

prime cost，cost，capitalized cost，final cost ；

[例句] 它的发电成本要比核电站低。 It will produce electricity more cheaply than a nuclear plant.

[例句] 公司在降低成本方面付出了艰苦卓绝的努力。 The company has made heroic efforts at cost reduction.

[哲]essence，nature，innate character，intrinsic quality，genius ；

[例句] 虽然地税在细节上复杂得要命，但在本质上却很简单。 Though off-puttingly complicated in detail, local taxes are in essence simple.

[例句] 罗就偏见的本质讲了一番很精辟的话。 Rowe does a very clever riff on the nature of prejudice.

capital，what is capitalized on，sth. used to one's own advantage，principal ；

[例句] 你必须将该处房产的资本增值考虑在内。 You have to take capital appreciation of the property into account.

[例句] 随着股价下跌，银行资本也减少了。 As stock prices have dropped, so too has bank capital.

basic，fundamental，main，essential，basis ；

[例句] 乔丹承诺在不减少基本服务的前提下，缩减市政预算。 Jordan promised to trim the city budget without cutting essential services.

[例句] 语言是将人类与动物区分开来的基本特征。 Language is something which fundamentally distinguishes humans from animals.

herbaceous，herbal，herbage ；

[例句] 我们自己生产护发产品,全部采用草本配方. We produce our own hair-care products, all based on herbal recipes.

[例句] 韩军对草本植物学非常感兴趣. Han Jun is interested in the botany of grasses.

root，radical，utterly，completely，at all ；

[例句] 我知道那根本没什么大不了的，所以有些无动于衷。 I know it's nothing serious and I feel quite unemotional about it.

[例句] 这些钱根本不够用来开始全新的生活。 It's just not enough money to start life over.

natural instincts，natural character，nature，inherent quality，essentiality；

[例句] 她坚信人的本性是善良诚实的。 She had an unshakeable faith in human goodness and natural honesty.

[例句] 该公司保守的本性不利于竞争。 The company's conservative instincts sit ill with competition.

（本事， 技能） ability，capability，capacity，faculty，skill ；

[例句] 农民正在逐渐丢失经营土地的本领。 Farmers are increasingly losing touch with their instinct for managing the land.

[例句] 这困难的手术将需要这位医生拿出全部本领来. The difficult operation will exact all the doctor's skill.

specimen，sample，[中医] the root cause and symptoms of a disease，muter，exemplar ；

[例句] 收藏家们会花5万到100万美元去购入一份稀有标本。 Collectors will pay $50,000 to $1 million for a rare specimen.

[例句] 任何初入门的收藏家若要加入费雷兹争夺战,都应该先读读经济学家唐?汤普森(DonThompson)的著作《价值1200万美元的鲨鱼标本》(The$12mStuffedShark). Any tyro collector entering Frieze should first read The $ 12 m Stuffed Shark by economist Don Thompson.

intrinsic，eigen ；

[例句] 注意,这些本征值并不是等距离分布的. Notice that the energy eigenvalues are not equally spaced.

[例句] 为此目的,我们将首先考虑下列的本征值问题. To this end we shall first consider the following eigenvalue problem.

capital stock，capital，stock，equity，capitalization ；

[例句] 康柏公司两年后上市时，他们的股本为3,800万美元。 Two years later, when Compaq went public, their stock was valued at $38 million.

[例句] 这又是一项重要决策,要求了解公司“股本”. This is another important decision and requires a knowledge of corporate equity.

one's own country，home，homeland，the old sod ；

[例句] 他继续使本国远离外来思想的侵袭。 He continues to insulate his country from the contagion of foreign ideas.

[例句] 1987年他在本国逃脱警察追捕后，就申请了政治庇护。 He applied for asylum in 1987 after fleeing the police back home.

instinct，born ability，appetence，appetency，[电影]Basic Instinct；

[例句] 他本能的反应会是寻求与民族主义者取得新的和解。 His instinct would be to seek a new accommodation with the nationalists.

[例句] 当被别人弄疼时我们本能的反应是反击。 Our instinctive reaction when someone causes us pain is to strike back.

lose money in business，lose one's capital，at a loss，suffer a deficit ；

[例句] 听说他做生意亏本了. I hear that he is losing by his business.

[例句] 我们处处亏本. We were losing money right and left.

text，version ；

[例句] 一张只读光盘能存储25万多页键入的文本。 A CD-ROM can store more than 250,000 pages of typed text.

[例句] 这个文本仍有两份14世纪手抄本存世。 Two fourteenth-century manuscripts of this text are still extant.

xyloid，woody，ligneous ；

[例句] -- 提高水果 、 蔬菜和木本食物供给水平. -- Increasing the supply of fruit, vegetables and arbor foodstuffs.

[例句] 在一些植物中, 包括绝大多数的木本作物, 硝态氮并非经常存在于叶片中. In many plants, including most tree crops, nitrate nitrogen does not usually occur in the leaves.

（原有的） original，originally，at first，it goes without saying，essentially ；

[例句] 太多的盐会盖住食物本来的味道。 Too much salt masks the true flavour of the food.

[例句] 我本来想抄近路，结果却迷路了。 I tried to take a short cut and got lost.

lose one's capital，disinvestment ；

[例句] 新款时装遇上销路不畅就要蚀本卖出。 New fashion designs have to be sold off at a loss if sales are poor.

[例句] 保罗·坦普纳豪斯无论在哪里开店都要蚀本. Paul Templarhaus managed to lose money everywhere he opened a shop.