since，as，now that，in as much ；
[例句] 既然对你起作用，这就是个明智的决定。 This was a good decision inasmuch as it worked for you.
[例句] 她既然主动提出帮助照看孩子，我也就同意了。 Since she'd offered to babysit, I took her up on it.
neither ；
[例句] 对鲸的野蛮屠杀既不必要也不人道。 The barbaric slaughter of whales is unnecessary and inhuman.
[例句] 我16岁退学的时候既不识字也不会写字。 When I left school at 16, I couldn't read or write.
established，fixed，set，vested ；
[例句] 既定的惯例是很难更改的. Established practices are difficult to modify.
[例句] 对任何既定的分配来说, 平均收入水平越低, 贫困的范围就越大. For any given distribution, the lower the average income level, the greater the incidence of poverty.
anamnesis ；
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