名 rock，cliff，crag ；

[例句] 一名男青年从陡峭的岩壁上坠崖身亡。 A young man plunged from a sheer rock face to his death.

[例句] 雨水冲走了火山坡面上的岩屑。 Rainfall had dislodged debris from the slopes of the volcano.

[地] shale，shaly，shiver，bind (bend) ；

[例句] 我们必须找到从页岩中采油的经济方法. We must find economical methods for extracting oil from shale.

[例句] 我们可以从页岩中提取石油. We can extract oil from shale.

rock，roche，pena，roach ；

[例句] 不断变化的应力导致更多的断裂和岩石变形。 Changing stresses bring about more cracking and rock deformation.

[例句] 这座城市建在岩石上，四周筑有城墙。 The city was walled and built upon a rock.

[地] magma，rock-magma ；

[例句] 火山又向空中喷出了岩浆和火山灰。 The volcano threw new showers of magma and ash into the air.

[例句] 火山喷出火焰和岩浆. A volcano spouts flame and lava.

lava，fulgurite ；

[例句] 大地开裂，汩汩冒出炽热的熔岩。 The ground had opened to disgorge a boiling stream of molten lava.

[例句] 城市被火山熔岩掩埋。 The city was entombed in volcanic lava.

[地] karst ；

[例句] 塘坝子葛仙山碳酸盐岩外来体中各种岩溶形态十分丰富. Gexianshan carbonate allochthon is rich in various karst features.

[例句] 岩溶塌陷是岩溶发育地区所特有的灾害地质现象. Collapse is a typical geologic disaster in karst area.

rock mass ；

[例句] 热储岩体的岩石成份各式各样. The reservoir rock can be of various lithological compositions.

[例句] 在靠近交界带上有重要的一连串的含镍橄榄岩(体)的侵入. Near the border zone an important string of nickeliferous peridotites is emplaced.

granite （火成岩的一种， 比喻顽固不化） ；

[例句] 尼罗河在此处变宽，从两块花岗岩巨石间穿过。 Here the Nile broadens out between the huge granite boulders.

[例句] “好吧，”我边说边紧张不安地把香烟在花岗岩台阶上捻灭。 "Well," I said, grinding my cigarette nervously into the granite step.

rock fragments，detritus，debris，rock waste ；

[例句] 雨水冲走了火山坡面上的岩屑。 Rainfall had dislodged debris from the slopes of the volcano.

[例句] 积雪的急剧融化使大滑坡中的岩屑饱和. Rapid melting of the snow saturated debris in a large landslide.

[地] rock formation，stratum，rock stratum，terrane ；

[例句] 较老的岩层渐渐风化. The older strata gradually disintegrate.

[例句] 岩层中有证据表明，该地区在15,000年前曾经非常干旱。 Contained within the rock strata is evidence that the region was intensely dry 15,000 years ago.

[地] slate，plate （矿山的），killas，callys ；

[例句] 只有熟练的工匠才能把板岩劈成石片. Only a skilled workman can splIt'slate into layers.

[例句] 手巧的人能把板岩剖成片. A skilled person can splIt'slate into layers.

lithosphere，oxysphere，oithosphere，geosphere ；

[例句] 因此,这些溶解了的物质就从岩石圈转移到水圈. These dissolved materials thus pass from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere.

[例句] 水圈与岩石圈一起形成地球的表面. The hydrosphere and the lithosphere together form the Earth's surface.

conglomerate，conglomeration，conglomerate rock，bibbey-rock ；

[例句] 砂岩和砾岩分别是砂和砾石固结的产物. Sandstone and conglomerate are the consolidated equivalent of sand and gravel.

[例句] 钻粉和岩心已穿过了砾岩夹层. Cuttings and core from the drill - holes have intersected conglomerate bands.

halite，rock salt，halitum ；

[例句] 世界上供应的盐有些是从开采岩盐得到的. Some of the world's supply of salt is mined as rock salt.

[例句] 石膏与岩盐则逐渐变薄或完全被溶解掉. Gypsum and halite are simply thinned or removed altogether.

bed rock，basement，pedestal rock ；

[例句] 耗时五年才钻到了基岩。 It took five years to drill down to bedrock.

[例句] 石油或石油摄影地质主要是研究基岩情况的. Petroleum or oil photogeology is primarily an evaluation of bedrock conditions.

[地质] extrusive rock，volcanic rock，volcanics，lava ；

[例句] 云仙山今天一直在向外喷涌火山灰、气体和火山岩。 Mount Unzen has been spewing out volcanic ash, gas, and rock today.

[例句] 玄武岩是最普通的火山岩. Basalt is the commonest volcanic rock.

[地质] rhyolite，liparite ；

[例句] 流纹岩地貌有其独有的特色和发育规律. The features and the development law of rhyolite landforms are unique.

[例句] 山体主要由流纹岩和凝灰岩构成, 局部有花岗岩. Mountain mainly by rhyolite and tuff composition, there are local granite.

[化] limestone ；

[例句] 石灰岩常用于建筑. Limestone is often used in building construction.

[例句] 石灰岩上有许多缝隙，故而树根能从岩洞顶部长出来。 The limestone is sufficiently fissured for tree roots to have breached the roof of the cave.

lunar rock，lunabase，marebase ；

[例句] 宇航员取回了一块月岩样本. Astronauts brought back a piece of the moon.

[例句] 1993年, 一块苏联的月岩标本在苏富比拍出了$442, 500的高价. S . government property . At Sotheby's in 1993, a Soviet sample fetched $ 442, 500.

[化] metamorphic rock ；

[例句] 片麻岩, 变质岩, 可以发现,在常见的前寒武纪地区. Gneiss, a metamorphic rock, can be commonly found in Precambrian areas.

[例句] 王家崴子金矿床赋存于辽南古元古代浅变质岩系中. Wangjiawaizi gold deposit occurs in Lower Proterozoic opimetamorphic rock series.