形 primary，original，unprocessed，raw；动 （原谅） excuse，pardon；名 level, open country，plain，a surname ；

[例句] 根据自己的口味给原汤加点盐，然后用文火慢炖。 Salt the stock to your taste and leave it simmering very gently.

[例句] 在原生境中，木槿能长到25英尺高。 In its natural habitat, the hibiscus will grow up to 25ft.

grasslands，steppe，prairie，campo，grass；

[例句] 该音乐营造出了一幅大草原上宽广辽阔的景象。 The music invoked the wide open spaces of the prairies.

[例句] 西伯利亚大草原的艰苦环境使她变得坚强起来。 She was hardened by the rigours of the Siberian steppes.

recover from an illness，be restored to health，restore，rehabilitate，rebound ；

[例句] 肌肉撕裂复原后会留下疤痕。 A muscle tear will leave a scar after healing.

[例句] 你会康复的。X光照片显示你的胳膊能够较好地复原。 You'll mend. The X-rays show that your arm will heal all right.

raw material，crude material，stock，staple，material ；

[例句] 在碗里将各种原料混成调料。 Mix the ingredients for the dressing in a bowl.

[例句] 在搅拌做蛋奶酥的各种原料之前先要把盘子准备好。 Prepare the souffle dish before making up the souffle mixture.

[化] [物] atom，atomy ；

[例句] 石墨层中的碳原子相互连接形成碳环。 In graphite sheets, carbon atoms bond together in rings.

[例句] 他获得了“原子可以再分”这一概念的专利权。 He patented the idea that the atom could be split.

[医] antigen，antihelion ；

[例句] 小鼠中的H -2 同种抗原是最强的组织相容性抗原. In mice the H - 2 isoantigens are the strongest histocompatibility antigens.

[例句] 某些抗原或者联合抗原可比其它抗原作用强得多. Some antigens, or combinations of antigens, are much more potent than others.

return to the original condition or shape，restore，[化]reduction，deacidizing，deoxidize ；

[例句] 化学家用电解法把水还原为氢. The chemist reduced water by electrolysis.

[例句] 经氧化 ― 还原反应, 铜渗入铁中. By oxidation - reduction reaction, copper is cemented into the iron.

crude oil，crude，rock tar，base oil ；

[例句] 大火当时有可能把货船上的油罐烧漏了，从而引燃原油。 Fire may have breached the cargo tanks and set the oil ablaze.

[例句] 大型石油公司无需担心原油销售不出去。 Oil majors need not fear being unable to sell their crude.

[地理] continental plateau，plateau，highland，tableland，altiplano；

[例句] 我们乘飞机向着西南方向越过安纳托利亚高原，前往卡帕多西亚。 We took a plane south-west across the Anatolian plateau to Cappadocia.

[例句] 这些高原农场能继续存在下去非常重要。 It's important that these upland farms continue to survive.

cause，reason，account，master sheet，causation ；

[例句] 专家们认为目前通货膨胀加剧有多种原因。 Specialists see various reasons for the recent surge in inflation.

[例句] 他对语言的误解是引起其他问题的主要原因。 His misunderstanding of language was the primary cause of his other problems.

original，firsthand，primeval，primitive，barbarism ；

[例句] 原始的碳纤维材料很像布料。 In its untreated state the carbon fibre material is rather like cloth.

[例句] 我们决定将这笔费用从原始发票上删去。 We will be pleased to delete the charge from the original invoice.

prototype，proterotype，archetype，anestor，antetype ；

[例句] 该书描述了4个角色，大致上以我的几个叔叔为原型。 The book follows four characters, loosely based on my uncles.

[例句] 金属轮战车是现代战争中坦克的原型. Metal - wheeled chariots are the prototype of the tanks of modern warfare.

atomic energy，A-energy，the atom ；

[例句] 我们应该参与原子能的和平应用. We should take part in the peaceful uses of atomic energy.

[例句] 原子能可以用来发电. The power of the atom can be used to produce electricity.

nucleus，kernel，centron，atomic nucleus ；

[例句] 中子和质子构成了原子核. The neutrons and protons form the core of the atom.

[例句] 原子核由中子 、 质子和其他粒子构成. The nucleus of an atom consists of neutrons, protons and other particles.

log，stock ；

[例句] 我将原木放到了地上，刨掉了树皮。 I set the log on the ground and shaved off the bark.

[例句] 原木必须从森林中拖运出来. Logs must be hauled out of the forest.

sarcode，bioplasson，plasma，protoplasm，bioplasm ；

[例句] 接触的细胞的原生质体通过原生质连丝连接成一体. The protoplasts of attached cells are connected and integrated by plasmodesmata.

[例句] 果胶物质分成原生质果胶, 果胶和果胶酸. The pectic substances can be classed protopectins, pectins and pectin acids.

principle，axiom，theory；

[例句] 顺势疗法是基于“以毒攻毒”的原理。 Homeopathic treatment is based on the "like cures like" principle.

[例句] 格里菲思教授解释了那种药物的工作原理。 Professor Griffiths explained how the drug appears to work.

（病因） etiology，aetiology aitiology，noxa (pl. noxae)，cause of disease，pathogeny ；

[例句] 不幸的是, 引起疾病的病原仍不明了. Unfortunately, the responsible pathogens were still unknown.

[例句] 感病的植物群体不暴露在它们的病原之下,这是相当普遍的. Nonexposure of susceptible plant populations to their pathogens is fairly common.

plain，flatlands，flat country，champagne，Campagna ；

[例句] 一群大象缓慢而笨拙地穿过平原，朝水潭走去。 A herd of elephants lolloped across the plains towards a watering hole.

[例句] 北美大平原上曾有过7,000万头野牛。 Once there were 70 million buffalo on the plains.

excuse，forgive，pardon，excusal，excuse for；

[例句] 友情是理解，不是妥协；是原谅，不是遗忘。即使不联系，感情依然在。 Friendship means understanding, not agreement. It means forgiveness, not forgetting.It means the memories last, even if contact is lost.

[例句] 我永远不会原谅他。我鄙视他。 I can never, ever forgive him. I despise him.