动 （用； 耗费） spend，expend；

[例句] 佛罗里达所有的那些好去处都在变得越来越都市化。 All the nice areas in Florida are becoming more and more urbanized.

[例句] 我往往不相信自己的情感，倾向于把一切事物都理智化。 I tended to mistrust my emotions and intellectualize everything.

change，transform，[化] inversion，conversion，translate ；

[例句] 你的决定必须转化为具体明确的行动。 Your decision must be translated into specific, concrete actions.

[例句] 在发电厂里，热能将水转化成高压蒸汽。 In an electric power plant the heat converts water into high-pressure steam.

strengthen，intensify，consolidate，aggrandizement ；

[例句] 他们苦学了11个月的强化课程，拿到了学位。 They secure their degrees by slogging through an intensive 11-month course.

[例句] 基本原则已得到进一步强化。 The ground rules have been firmed up.

become vestigial，degenerate，deteriorate，retrograde，degeneration；

[例句] 鸡的翅膀逐渐退化, 不会在空中飞行了. The wings of the chicken have become vestigial; it can no longer fly.

[例句] 在一些干旱地带存在严重的土地退化问题。 There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.

melt，smelt，meltdown，fusion，melt down ；

[例句] 同时，把碗置于微沸的水上，将白巧克力放入碗中使其熔化。 Meanwhile, melt the white chocolate in a bowl suspended over simmering water.

[例句] 然后巧克力被熔化到了恰好的温度。 The chocolate is then melted down to exactly the right temperature.

[化] liquefaction，deliquesce，liquefying，liquidation，condensation ；

[例句] 可以将二氧化碳液化，以便和其他成分分开。 You can liquefy the carbon dioxide to separate it from the other constituents.

[例句] 问题是沙质土壤的液化作用. The problem was one of liquefaction of the sandy soil.

digestion，digest，assimilation ；

[例句] 消化的食物中的营养成分能够被吸收到血液中去。 Nutrients from the digested food can be absorbed into the blood.

[例句] “消化不良”是个笼统的术语，可以指各种胃部不适。 Indigestion is a catch-all term for any kind of stomach distress.

harden，stiffen，[医]sclerosis，hardening，cirrhosis ；

[例句] 人老了,关节也硬化了. The man is getting old and his joints are stiff.

[例句] 塑料被注入模子后,便放在一边让它慢慢凝结硬化. The plastic was poured into the mold and left to set until it was firm.

assimilate，[语] assimilation，intussusception，nationalization ；

[例句] 也许你已经被同化了——让你做什么，你就做什么。 You may have been socialized to do as you are told.

[例句] 有些外国人很容易被我们的生活方式同化. Some foreigners assimilate easily into our way of life.

pneumatolysis，gasifying，aerification，gasification，etherealization ；

[例句] 气化潜热的定义与此雷同. A similar definition holds good for latent heat of vaporization.

[例句] 这类气化炉只能使用非粘结性的煤. Only the nonagglomerating coal can be used in this kind of gasifier.

robotization，automation，automatization，automate ；

[例句] 他想通过计算机实现流程的自动化。 He wanted to use computers to automate the process.

[例句] 自动化气象站将风向信息输入计算机。 An automatic weather station feeds information on wind direction to the computer.

[物] vaporization，evaporation，carburate，boil-off，boil away ；

[例句] 雾化过程比汽化过程对扰动更为敏感. The atomization process is more sensitive to disturbance than vaporization.

[例句] 到那时,地球将与它上面的物体一起汽化而弥散. The earth will in time vaporize with its material and disperse.

[电磁] magnetization，magnetizing，magnetize ；

[例句] 这把改锥已经磁化了. This screwdriver has been magnetised.

[例句] 用一根软钢条做成麦比乌斯带，将其磁化。 Make a Mobius strip out of a ribbon of mild steel and magnetise it.

[化] oxidize，oxidate，oxide，burning，oxidation ；

[例句] 碳化合物氧化后必然会产生二氧化碳。 Carbon dioxide is a necessary result of the oxidation of carbon compounds.

[例句] 氧化胆固醇可能是造成动脉堵塞的元凶。 Oxidized cholesterol may be responsible for furring up the arteries.

simplify，facilitate，idealization，dilution，predigest ；

[例句] 数以百万计的人们想要新的简化方式实现人机交互。 Millions of people want new, simplified ways of interacting with a computer.

[例句] 他的肢体语言极尽简化，措词总体温和。 His gestures were economical, his words generally mild.

morals and manners，decency，[化]efflorescence，[地]weathering，airslake ；

[例句] 较软的岩石风化成了泥土. The softer rock has been weathered away into soil.

[例句] 岩石风化,直至损坏. Rocks weather until they are worn away.

[化] chemical combination ；

[例句] 地球外存在生命的理论是基于陨星上存在碳化合物质这一事实的. One theory about the existence of extraterrestrial life rests on the presence of carbon compounds in meteorites.

[例句] 在蛋自质中, 氮原子与碳 、 氢、氧原子相化合. In proteins, atoms of nitrogen are combined with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

chemistry，chem.，chymist，chymistry ；

[例句] 有机食品是未使用人工化学制剂和杀虫剂的纯净食品。 Organic food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides.

[例句] 《牛津化学初级读本》丛书旨在论述有机化学中的重要问题。 The Oxford Chemistry Primers aim to cover important topics in organic chemistry.

age，ageing，burn-in，preburning，aging ；

[例句] 很明显灰泥已脆裂老化，全剥落下来了。 Obviously the plaster's just perished and all fallen off.

[例句] 老化的核反应堆早晚会出事故. An ageing nuclear reactor is an accident waiting to happen.

soften，[皮革] bate，win over by soft tactics，bating，intenerate ；

[例句] 起初她威胁要解雇我, 但后来她态度软化了. At first she threatened to dismiss me, but later she relented.

[例句] 他的热诚足以软化铁石心肠. His enthusiasm is enough to melt a heart of stone.

mechanize，mechanisation，mechanise，mechanization ；

[例句] 数年前，艾莱的农场就实现了机械化。 Mechanization happened years ago on the farms of Islay.

[例句] 也许这种治疗方法最终将实现机械化。 Perhaps, in time, this treatment will be mechanised.