名 stem or root of plants，foundation，origin，basis；量 book，volume，reel；形 original，one's own，native，principal；副 （原来） originally；动 （遵照； 按照） follow，bas
[例句] 他那本带有精美插图的书见证了他对大学的热爱。 His beautifully illustrated book well attested his love of the university.
[例句] 1941年，火车本可以由蒸汽机车拉动。 In 1941, the train would have been pulled by a steam engine.
名 order，sequence，[书]stopping place on a journey，stopover；数 （第二） second，next；形 second-rate，inferior，[化]hypo-；
[例句] 努力过，失败过，没关系，屡战屡败，屡败屡战，每一次失败都比上一次更好。 Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try Again. Fail again. Fail better.
[例句] 我们往往每周共进一次午餐。 We tend to meet up for lunch once a week.
destroy，wreck，do great damage to，do harm to，breach；
[例句] 风力涡轮机个头大、噪音响，还会破坏周边风景。 Wind turbines are large and noisy and they disfigure the landscape.
[例句] 所有的门都用砖堵了起来，防止破坏分子闯入。 All the doors have been bricked up to deter vandals.
形 sharp，fluent，eloquent，favourable；名 advantage，benefit，profit，interest；动 （使有利） benefit ；
[例句] 埃利奥特跨过终点线时仅比对手落后半秒钟。 Elliott crossed the finish line just half a second behind his adversary.
[例句] “你什么意思啊？”我问，替利迪感到愤愤不平。 "What do you mean?" I asked, offended on Liddie's behalf.
动 revolve，circle，return，come back；副 [书] （不久； 很快地） soon；名 part of the scalp where the hair is whorled，a surname；
[例句] 在1,000英尺的高度飞行时，他听到旋翼发出一种奇怪的噪音。 Flying at 1,000 ft. he heard a peculiar noise from the rotors.
[例句] 黑乎乎的脏水在他腿边打着旋，几乎快要没到了膝盖。 The black water swirled around his legs, reaching almost to his knees.
动 economize，save，omit，leave out；名 province；
[例句] 这个球是由一种天然纤维——省藤制成的。 The ball is made of rattan — a natural fibre.
[例句] 最近的安全泊地在新斯科舍省的哈利法克斯。 The nearest safe anchorage was in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
名 front，first，top，ago；动 （向前进）go forward [ahead]，former ；
[例句] 《古兰经》劝告人们在朝圣前斋戒，以作为一种补赎。 The Koran recommends fasting as a penance before pilgrimages.
[例句] 被解雇的管理人员包括前销售经理、主管和会计。 The unemployed executives include former sales managers, directors and accountants.
形 aged，old，of long standing，outdated；名 old people，short for Lao Zi -- the founder of Taoism，a surname；动 become old，[口]die；副 long，always，very ；
[例句] 如果你等待，发生的只有变老。 If you wait, all that happens is that you get older.
[例句] 这一古板的老旧机构拒绝承认人们对流行音乐的需求。 The fusty old establishment refused to recognise the demand for popular music.
数 zero，zero sign ，nought，nil；形 odd，fractional，part；动 （枯萎而落下） wither and fall；名 （姓氏） a surname ；
[例句] 到1973年，这一差距已缩小到几乎为零。 By 1973, this gap had narrowed almost to vanishing point.
[例句] 利润从1981年的零收益飙升至去年的1,600万。 Profits zoomed from nil in 1981 to about 16 million last year.
动 come，arrive，crop up，take place；形 （未来的） future，coming，next；助 ever since，about，around；名 （姓氏） a surname；
[例句] 好运就是当机会来临时，你早已做好了准备。 Good luck is when an opportunity comes along and you're prepared for it.
[例句] 你需要一锅汤来煮。 You will need a pot of broth for poaching.
(构词成分)见“自个儿”[zì gěr]；
[例句] 道格拉斯29岁，是个技术不错的拳击手，在以前的比赛中发挥不太稳定。 Douglas was a 29-year-old journeyman fighter, erratic in his previous fights.
[例句] 经过3个周末的追求之后，帕梅拉接受了伦道夫的求婚。 After a three-weekend courtship, Pamela accepted Randolph's proposal of marriage.
形 （数量小） few，little，less；动 be short，lack，lose，be missing；副 seldom，a little while，a moment；
[例句] 鲁宾逊咖啡屋里的人正在变少，但也只是渐少而已。 The crowd in Robinson's Coffee-House was thinning, but only by degrees.
[例句] 青少年自杀很少是由于突然发生不幸而作出的冲动反应。 Adolescent suicide is rarely an impulsive reaction to immediate distress.
名 teacher，master，model，example；动 [书] （学习； 仿效） imitate，division ；
[例句] “我会找催眠师试试，”我突然坚决地说。 "I think I'll try a hypnotist," I said with sudden resolution.
[例句] 职业赛马骑师禁止对赛马结果下注。 Jockeys are forbidden to bet on the outcome of races.
名 circumference，periphery，week，circuit；动 make a circuit，move in a circular course，help sb. out；形 all，whole，thoughtful，attentive ；
[例句] 他们的水在几周以前就毫无理由地被切断了。 Their water was turned off weeks ago without explanation.
[例句] 志愿者记录下他们一周所吃的所有食物。 The volunteers kept a record of everything they ate for a week.
动 leave out，be missing，forget to bring，leave behind；
[例句] 球直接落到了克林斯曼的脚上。 The ball fell straight to the feet of Klinsmann.
[例句] 他正拿着一块布，布上粉红色的水滴落在地板上。 He was holding a cloth that dripped pink drops upon the floor.
begin，start，initial stage，beginning，commence ；
[例句] 今天地方选举的投票一开始就人头攒动。 There has been a busy start to polling in today's local elections.
[例句] 现在人们开始意识到必须采取断然的行动。 Now there is a dawning realisation that drastic action is necessary.
动 answer，reply，treat，cope with；副 mutually，face to face，divide into halves；形 opposite，opposing，right，correct；名 （对偶的词句； 对联） antithetical couplet，couplet
[例句] 别抱怨不好的事，要对好的事心存感恩。 Instead of complaining about what's wrong, be grateful for what's right.
[例句] 他因为对一位同事动粗而被开除了。 He was fired from his job after roughing up a colleague.
名 the utmost point，extreme，pole，a surname；动 （尽； 达到顶点） reach the end of，push to extremes；形 （最终的； 最高的） utmost，extreme，final；副 （表示达到最高程度） extremely，excee
[例句] 她相当顽固，宗教观念极强。 She was a fairly rigid person who had strong religious views.
[例句] 他的球投得极棒，使我们赢下了两场比赛。 He bowled so well that we won two matches.
名 linear measure，limit，extent，degree；量 a unit of measurement for angles, temperature, etc.，degree of arc or circle，kilowatt-hour ，occasion；动 （过） spend
[例句] 价格取决于做工的复杂精细度。 The price depends on the intricacy of the work.
[例句] 撕裂的肌肉会收缩，丧失原来的力量、结构和紧实度。 Torn muscles retract, and lose strength, structure, and tightness.
名 [书] treetop，the tip of a tree，symptom，outside appearance；动 （用文字或他物表明） mark，label ；
[例句] 埃尔加给自己的作品标上了精确的节奏标记。 Elgar supplied his works with precise indications of tempo.
[例句] 照理说，价格应该标在货架上。 Theoretically, the price is supposed to be marked on the shelf.