名 chaff，bran，hust，worthless stuff；形 （发空， 质地变得松而不实） spongy，pollard ；
[例句] 这萝卜糠了. This radish has gone spongy.
[例句] 他进来时,我已把糠筛去了. I had winnowed the husk away when he came in.
（谋划） plan，plot，scheme，engineer；名 [电影]associate producer，hatch ；
[例句] 打造成功企业的关键之一就是要精心策划。 One of the keys to successful business is careful planning.
[例句] 他无法再忍受，便策划了出逃。 He could stand no more and engineered an escape.
broker，middleman，agent，man of business ；
[例句] 股票经纪人降低了他们的利润预期之后，股价下跌了11便士至293便士。 Shares slid 11p to 293p after brokers downgraded their profit estimates.
[例句] 他是高收入的经纪人，有花不完的钱。 He was a high-earning broker with money to burn.
companion，accompanier，associate，china plate ；
[例句] 他劝诫同伴说：“要通过勤奋努力实现自己的目标。” He exhorted his companions, "Try to accomplish your aim with diligence".
[例句] 他们被同伴们说服，上台一乐。 They were persuaded onstage for a laugh by their mates.
factor，element，complication，diathesis，equation ；
[例句] 管弦乐编曲还要考虑其他因素。 There were also other factors that entered into the orchestration.
[例句] 毫无疑问，政治和经济因素在其中起了作用。 Undoubtedly, political and economic factors have played their part.
customer，buyer，bargainee，purchaser，vendee ；
[例句] 该公司正竭力为其新产品寻找买主。 The company is struggling to find buyers for its new product.
[例句] 买主们千方百计想从供货商那儿无息赊购。 Buyers use different ruses to wring free credit out of their suppliers.
initiate，sponsor，start，launch，originate ；
[例句] 军队现在似乎已经发起了反攻。 The army now appears to have launched a counter-offensive.
[例句] 贝内特发起了一场捍卫“道德价值”、反对腐朽堕落的“自由相对论”的战争。 Bennett launched a crusade for "moral values" against decadent "liberal relativism."
名 lips，an animal's mouth；动 （用嘴唇接触人或物） kiss，canoodle，proboscis；
[例句] 她在他粗糙的面颊上左右各吻了一下。 She planted a kiss on each of his leathery cheeks.
[例句] 她跪了下来，轻吻迈克尔的脸颊。 She knelt and brushed her lips softly across Michael's cheek.
congratulate，felicitate，celebrate，gala，gratulation ；
[例句] 他十分大度地祝贺他的继任者做出了决定。 He was generous enough to congratulate his successor on his decision.
[例句] 我向他表示祝贺，并走过去和他握手。 I said congratulations and walked over to him and shook his hand.
consolidate，solidify，consolidation，strenthen，cement ；
[例句] 威廉姆斯巩固了自己世界头号斯诺克选手的地位。 Williams has confirmed his position as the world's number one snooker player.
[例句] 他新执导的影片巩固了他作为全国最佳导演的地位。 With this new movie he has consolidated his position as the country's leading director.
名 [化] sulphur，sulfur [美] (16号元素， 符号S) ；
[例句] 残骸上燃烧着的硫黄迫使人们撤出该地区。 Burning sulfur from the wreck has forced evacuations from the area.
[例句] 含硫化合物的名称前通常有前缀thio。 Sulphur-containing compounds are often prefixed by the term "thio"
plain，flatlands，flat country，champagne，Campagna ；
[例句] 一群大象缓慢而笨拙地穿过平原，朝水潭走去。 A herd of elephants lolloped across the plains towards a watering hole.
[例句] 北美大平原上曾有过7,000万头野牛。 Once there were 70 million buffalo on the plains.
scar，cicatrix，cicatrices ；
[例句] 他脱去衣服, 我在他身上数出了 二十七 处瘢痕和深深的伤口. He stripped himself , and I counted twenty - seven separate scars and gashes.
[例句] 梗阻也许是由慢性瘢痕造成的. Obstruction may be caused by chronic cicatrization.
twine，coil，wreathe，weave，circumvolution ；
[例句] 大蟒蛇紧紧盘绕猎物使之无法呼吸，从而杀死猎物。 Pythons kill by tightening their coils so that their victim cannot breathe.
[例句] 那条蛇盘绕起来准备攻击。 The snake coiled up, ready to strike.
express，convey，show，voice；
[例句] 这些表达方式经常相互替代使用，但它们的含义却有所不同。 These expressions are often used interchangeably, but they do have different meanings.
[例句] 她的文学批评集中关注的是伟大的文学作品表达思想的方式。 Her literary criticism focuses on the way great literature suggests ideas.
harshness，roughness，rugosity，coarseness ；
[例句] 在边界和半边界区内,摩擦随纤维表面粗糙度的增加而增加. Friction increases with increasing fiber surface roughness in the boundary and semiboundary.
[例句] 小规模的粗糙度涉及到颗粒边缘和破坏表面. This roughness occurs on a small scale, involving grain boundaries and failure surfaces.
coastline，beachline，sea line，shoreline，coasting；
[例句] 由于存在着危险的下层逆流，在大部分海岸线附近游泳都不安全。 Dangerous undertows make swimming unsafe along most of the coastline.
[例句] 透过薄雾他认出了那是英格兰的海岸线。 He recognized the coast of England through a veil of mist.
overburden，superstratum，baring，muck ；
[例句] 在工业上，金刚石可以用作工具表面坚固、耐腐蚀的覆盖层。 In industry, diamond can form a tough, non-corrosive coating for tools.
[例句] 覆盖层屏蔽掉了放射性. Overburden had concealed the radioactivity.
cooperate with，cooperation，coordination，combined efforts，club ；
[例句] 这两个组同意相互协作。 The two groups agreed to cooperate with each other.
[例句] 可他能够跟我们现有的球队协作 吗 ? But will he be able to work in with our existing team?
comment on，discuss，comment，commentary，criticism ；
[例句] 那组特写照片和附带的评论一目了然，毫无含糊之处。 The close-up photography and commentary are clear and unambiguous.
[例句] 利奇先生休假了，不方便作出评论。 Mr Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment.