realism ；

[例句] 郭贵春:《后现代科学实在论》, 知识出版社, 1995, 第11页;第2～3页. Paul M. Churchland and Clifford A. Hooker , Images of Science, the University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp .245～246.

[例句] 20世纪的科学哲学是在科学实在论与反实在论的“战争硝烟”中走过来的. The scientific philosophy in 20 th century from the arguing combat between the scientific realism and antirealisms.

[医]symposium，analects ；

[例句] 摘要组织理论是有关组织现象的松散理论集群. Organization theories ( OTs ) are loosely connected around organizational phenomena.

[例句] 《易卜生评论集》,高中甫编选. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 1982年. Collected Essays on Ibsen . Ed . Gao Zhongfu. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1982.

poetics ；

[例句] 他的诗歌理论继承了儒家诗教传统,上承自孔子、汉儒至陈子昂、李白的诗论,下启元稹、自居易之诗论. He looks up to Confucian poetry traditional theory as the only criterion.

[例句] 出版有专著诗 、 诗论、散文等20种. His publications include 20 kinds of poems, poetic theories and essays.

empiricism，empirism ；

[例句] 经验论的对立面是唯理论. The opposite of empiricism is rationalism.

[例句] 笛卡尔的理性直观对唯理论和经验论乃至后来整个哲学的发展都产生了持续的影响作用. Descartes'rational intuition has brought durative effect to whole philosophy later.

holism，wholism ；

[例句] 整体论已经应用于生态学、语言及心理状态研究. Holistic theory has been applied to ecology and language and mental states.

[例句] 随着医学科学的发展, 生物医学模式开始逐步向整体论医学模式过渡. With the development of medical science, biomedical model began gradually to transit to overall medical model.

[哲] （唯心主义的道德观、美学观、宗教观流派） axiology （有时也称“价值哲学”） ；

[例句] 现代激进经济学渊源于李嘉图 ( 与劳动价值论 ),并从马克思学说中获得武器. Modern radical economics grew from Ricardo ( and the labor theory of value ) and found its canon on Marx.

[例句] 只有自觉地将劳动价值论区分为宏观和微观两部分,才能明确劳动价值论一系列基本结论的前提条件,才能廓清价值规律的适用范围和操作领域. We should distinguish it into macroscopical and microcosmic labor axiology.

nihilism，scepticism，skepticism ；

[例句] 《怀疑论的陷阱》. 剑桥: 剑桥大学印制, 1990. Barnes, J. The toils of Skepticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press , 1990.

[例句] 从 “ 怀疑论美学 ” 看托马斯·哈代的 “ 威塞克斯小说 ” Reflections on Thomas Hardy's " Wessex Novels " from a Perspective of'skepticism Aesthetics "

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[例句] 题目要求考生写一篇论说文. Examinees are asked to write an argumentation.

[例句] 晋代论说文文论较前一时期有了长足的进步. Argumentation theory of the Jin Dynasty made tremendous progress, the number of and research methods improved.

atomism ；

[例句] 我们是否继续以原子论的方法来研究种族? Do we want to continue with an atomistic approach to studying groups?

[例句] 关于心灵的机械论观点是原子论式的: 它仅仅是自身经验的总和. The mechanical view of the mind is atomistic: it is simply the sum of its experience.

[逻] paradox ；

[例句] 在经济学中,价值的反论这一概念是与消费者盈余密切有关的. A notion in economics known as the paradox of value is closely tied to consumers'surplus.

[例句] 也已经有许多针对缺乏约束的企业的不良表现而产生的反论说. There have also been numerous counter response to the undesirable externalities of unbridled enterprise.

absolutism ；

[例句] 不是所有的绝对论都源自宗教. Not all absolutism is derived from religion.

[例句] 然而, 要想为不基于宗教的绝对论道德辩护是一件很困难的事情. Nevertheless, it is pretty hard to defend absolutist morals on grounds other than religious ones.

agonistic，controversial ；

[例句] 这篇文章带有一种论争的笔调. The article has a controversial tone.

[例句] 这场论争的焦点在于如何理解对立统一规律. The focus of this controversy lies in how to understand the law of unity of opposites.

topical ；

[例句] 讨论会即讨论某一论题的聚会或会议. A symposium is a meeting or conference for discussion of a topic.

[例句] 结论, 主要总结了本论题的研究结果. In Conclusion, the author sums up the main result of this study.

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[例句] 现在看来似乎悲观论者是正确的。 It looks as if the pessimists are being proved right.

[例句] 你或许是个怀疑论者，会把它归因于生活的不公正。 You may be a sceptic and put it down to life's inequalities.

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[例句] 她为《观众》杂志写评论. She reviews for ` The Spectator '.

[例句] 要求学生给一篇英文诗写评论. Ask Ss to find an English poem, and write a review.

biogenesis ；

[例句] 现在认为元生源论的发表是来自天真的自欺. Claims made for spontaneous generation are now attributed to an innocent form of self - deception.

realism ；

[例句] 我读过你论加尔文心理唯实论的文章. I've read your stuff about the psychological realism of Calvin.

[例句] 摘要唯实论与唯名论以不同方式影响传统的生物分类原则. The realism and nominalism of middle ages affected the traditional taxonomy with different modes.

analytics ；

[例句] 在一系列的分析论文中, 科学家发现另外一些奇异现象. In a series of analytical papers, scientists noted other curiosities.

[例句] 弗洛伊德的精神分析论提出,人的人格框架由本我(伊德或原我), 自我及超我构成. Fraud's psychoanalysis theory holds that a person's personality is composed of id, ego and superego.

animism ；

[例句] 本文试探讨《老人与海》中所体现的泛灵论思想. This thesis explores the animism in The Old Man and the Sea.

dogmatism ；

[例句] 摘要“独断论”是当今学术研究的弊病. Dogmatism is a malady in the academic research nowadays.

[例句] 探讨意见范畴的意义在于防止经学独断论的重演. The meaning of probing the category of opinion avoid the recurrence of the arbitrariness of JingXue.